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Ancient Maya art refers to the material arts of the Maya civilization, an eastern and south-eastern Mesoamerican culture that took shape in the course of the later Preclassic Period (500 BCE to 200 CE). Its greatest artistic flowering occurred during the seven centuries of the (c. 200 to 900 CE). Ancient Maya art went through an extended Post-Classic phase before the upheavals of the sixteenth century destroyed courtly culture and put an end to the Mayan artistic tradition. Many regional styles existed, not always coinciding with the changing boundaries of Maya polities. Olmecs, Teotihuacan and Toltecs have all influenced Maya art. Traditional art forms have mainly survived in weaving and the design of peasant houses. ==Maya art history== Following the nineteenth and early-twentieth century publications on Maya art and archaeology by Stephens, Catherwood, Maudslay, Maler and Charnay that for the first time made available reliable drawings and photographs of major Classic Maya monuments, the 1913 publication of Herbert Spinden´s 'A Study of Maya Art' - now over a century ago - laid the foundation for all later developments of Maya art history (including iconography).〔Spinden 1975〕 The book gives an analytical treatment of themes and motifs, particularly the ubiquitous serpent and dragon motifs, and a review of the ´material arts´, such as the composition of temple facades, roof combs and mask panels. Spinden's chronological treatment of Maya art was later (1950) refined by the motif analysis of the architect and specialist in archaeological drawing, Tatiana Proskouriakoff, in her book 'A Study of Classic Maya Sculpture'.〔Proskouriakoff 1950〕 George Kubler's 1969 inventory of Maya iconography, containing a site-by-site treatment of 'commemorative' images and a topical treatment of ritual and mythical images (such as the 'triadic sign'), concluded a period of gradual increase of knowledge that was soon to be overshadowed by new developments. Starting in the early 1970s, the historiography of the Mayan kingdoms - first of all Palenque - came to occupy the forefront. Art-historical interpretation joined the historical approach pioneered by Proskouriakoff as well as the mythological approach initiated by M.D. Coe, with a professor of art, Linda Schele, as a driving force. Schele's seminal interpretations of Maya art are found throughout her work, especially in 'The Blood of Kings', written together with art historian Mary Miller.〔Schele and Miller 1986〕 Maya art history was also spurred by the enormous increase in sculptural and ceramic imagery, due to extensive archaeological excavations, as well as to organized looting on an unprecedented scale. On from 1973, M.D. Coe published a series of books offering pictures and interpretations of unknown Maya vases, with the Popol Vuh Twin myth for an explanatory model.〔Coe 1973, 1975, 1978, 1982〕 In 1981, Robicsek and Hales added an inventory and classification of Maya vases painted in codex style,〔Robicsek and Hales 1981〕 thereby revealing even more of a hitherto barely known spiritual world. As to subsequent developments, important issues in Schele's iconographic work have been elaborated by Karl Taube.〔E.g., Miller and Taube 1993; Taube et al. 2010〕 New approaches to Maya art include studies of ancient Maya ceramic workshops,〔Reents-Budet 1994〕 the representation of bodily experience and the senses in Maya art,〔Houston et al. 2005〕 and of hieroglyphs considered as iconographic units.〔Stone and Zender 2011〕 Meanwhile, the number of monographs devoted to the monumental art of specific courts is growing.〔Tate 1992, Looper 2003, Simmons Clancy 2009, O'Neil 2012〕 A good impression of recent Mexican and North American art historical scholarship can be gathered from the exhibition catalogue 'Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya' (2004).〔Miller and Martin 2004〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ancient Maya art」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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